Vfr and ifr cruising altitudes vertical separation canada. Boswell in 1995 and is headquartered in calgary, canada. Is an alternate airport always required when flying. Understand becmg, tempo, and prob with ifr alternates. They correspond to the broad areas of aviation which transport canada, civil aviation is mandated to regulate e. The forecast weather at this alternate should be better than the specified minima for that aerodrome so that, in the event that a diversion is necessary, there is a reasonable chance that landing is assured. Airportsseaplane bases shown in brown do not have a published instrument approach procedure. The takeoff minima established by an operator must be based upon the height from which the one engine inoperative net takeoff flight path can be constructed. The same regulation also states that the alternate airport must meet the following critera. Ifr rules and proceduresgeneral, langley flying school. The online course takes approximately 46 hours and guides you stepbystep through the canada air pilot approach plates and the more complicated procedures of ifr flight. Alternate airport requirements ask a flight instructor. For your alternate airport to meet the requirements of far 91. An alternate airport is required when the following conditions existas is outlined by the faa in 91.
Circling approaches are necessary for a variety of reasons. Always refer to the most current canada air pilot cap for alternate weather minima. Minimum ifr altitudes in feet msl are based upon obstacle clearance. Normally, other aircraft are required to have 45 minutes. Instrument flight rules ifr is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations. Ifr alternate planning confusion bob taits aviation. Equipment recurrent items six approaches holding procedures interceptingtracking courses currency lapsed. I think the answer here is it depends on the rules of the countries whose airspace you will be using for example if im going in to canada from my home base in new york i would need an alternate airport if either the us or canadian regs required one. May 17, 2011 when calculating an ifr alternate for an ifr flight plan in canada a pilot must ensure that the terminal area forecast taf does not fall below the calculated alternate minima.
In this vid i will cover how to know if you need an alternate and the weather requirements if you do need one. The way i read it, you can use the ils, loc, vordme approaches for alternate minimum planning even without local weather being available. Should you fly your next approach at category a, b or c. Ifr rules and proceduresarrivals, langley flying school. Its projects are located in mexico and central mackenzie valley. Understanding alternate airport requirements for your ifr flight plan duration. So if you need an alternate airport, how good does the weather at your alternate need to be. Hello i would like to clarify the term applicable vs planning minima as they are used in the context of nominating alternate airports.
Jun 15, 2016 in this vid i will cover how to know if you need an alternate and the weather requirements if you do need one. Federal aviation administrations faa instrument flying handbook defines ifr as. See figure 1 if you have the proper equipment, you can take advantage of these new procedures. The following are established for flight planning and dispatch purposes in etops operations. The rvr minima used may not be lower than either of the values given in table 1 above or table 2 below. The differences between vfr, mvfr, ifr and lifr thinkaviation. The canadian aviation regulations are a compilation of regulatory requirements designed to enhance safety and the competitiveness of the canadian aviation industry. The following chart is an exert form the aeronautical information manual aim for spring 2011. Seven things you should probably know before flying ifr in canada. Terps say that alternate minimums cannot be lower than the nolight approach minimums, which typically increases required visibility by 14. Considerations in choosing an alternate airport there are really two parts to this business of alternate airports. Canada is a little different from most other countries, but if you fly in canada, you should be.
The following weather requirements only apply to aerodromes served by terminal area forecasts tafs. Understanding alternate airport requirements for your ifr flight plan. In this vid i will cover how to know if you need an alternate and the. Ils forced missed approach and rnav approach to minimums. The transport canada aeronautical information manual defines them as follows. In other words, you must be on an ifr flight plan or request special vfr clearance from tower.
Australian alternate minima and special alternate minima. A particular airport may be considered a suitable airport for flight planning and dispatch purposes for etops operations if it meets the criteria of paragraphb. Aip canada icao part 2 enroute enr publication date. Instrument charts, ifr approaches, holding, takeoff minimums, alternates, minimum ifr altitudes and approach ban. At uncontrolled airports, ifr pilot are expected to conform with the prevailing vfr circuit pattern. I still like the basic 5 minimums, 2 engines or less, 1 mile vis. An examination of the obstruction clearance circle that appears in the canada flight supplement shows the highest obstacle to be 2700. The standard alternate minima are 600 and 2 sm, in the case of an airport with one usable precision approach, and 800 and 2 sm, in the case of an airport with a usable nonprecision approach. Unless otherwise authorized by the administrator, no person may include an alternate airport in an ifr flight plan unless appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate that, at the estimated time of arrival at the alternate airport, the ceiling and visibility at. From my ifr flying days, if the wx at the destination was below, or forcast to be below, the alternate minima, then an alternate had to be planned for. Use of instrument flight rules is also required when flying in class a airspace regardless of weather conditions. At efc, or absent that, to arrive at eta page 2 of 2 vacating an altitude vfrontop altitude change.
Aug 15, 2016 when filing an ifr flight plan, part of the process is determining whether or not an alternate airport is required. For information on the instrument flight rules ifr applied within canadian domestic airspace, refer to the. Unless otherwise authorized by the administrator, no person may include an alternate airport in an ifr flight plan unless appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate that, at the estimated time of arrival at the alternate airport, the ceiling and visibility at that airport will be at or above the. Instrument flight rules ifr approach and alternate limits for canadian aerodromes with an aerodrome forecast taf or an advisory. Apr 04, 20 when using waas at an alternate airport, flight planning must be based on flying the rnav gps lnav or circling minima line, or minima on a gps approach procedure, or conventional approach procedure with or gps in the title.
Obstacle evaluation areas differences based on navigational aid gps approach minima how low can. Ifr alternate planning confusion hi bob, ive been reading a few of your forums on the part 61 changes and im sort of confused when i got to both of the topics you previously spoke with user basketball and weirdguy99. Two separate landing surfaces two separate landing surfaces 400feet, or 200feet above the lowest useable hat, whichever is higher. A particular airport may be considered a suitable airport for flight planning and dispatch purposes for etops operations if it meets the criteria of. That is, the alternate minimum of standard alternate minima, on the one hand, and the specific alternate minima values applicable for your selected airport.
Note that when dealing with alternate minima, the concept of whichever is greater must be applied. For a selected alternate airport, that is, you have to establish the hat and vis. We should always plan an alternate, even when the faa rules do not require it. Alternate airport selection during flight planning to. Calculating alternate weather requirements for aerodromes. Alternate airport selection during flight planning to enhance fuel efficiency captain richard sowden project pilot air canada flight operations technical group. Provided you can remain in vmc during the enroute cruise then you are right to go. Both the 3 and the 6 rules may be overridden by the vfr exception which says that an alternate is not required and or an airfield may be used as an alternate even if any of the above conditions exist if the descent, the approach, and the landing can be made in vfr conditions from the minimum altitude for ifr. Understand becmg, tempo, and prob with ifr alternates tps blog. Pilots flying gps approaches can descend to the straightin srunway number minimum descent altitude mda for their approach. Can you do one of these for canada alt requirements and calculation. Understanding alternate airport requirements for your ifr. Learn about fulfilling these legal requirements for your next ifr flight. Valid from 15mar2020 to 12apr2020 always verify dates on each chart and consult appropriate notams.
A practical guide to circling approachs thinkaviation. The pilot in command is required to nominate an alternate unless. Ifr is depicted in red on flight planning software. When calculating an ifr alternate for an ifr flight plan in canada a pilot must ensure that the terminal area forecast taf does not fall below the calculated alternate minima. The dispatcher and crews usually know about delays and saturation etc. To maneuver safely around terrain until you can return for landing or climb to the minimum safe altitude would, of. And for those of you who havent had a real engine failure shortly after takeoff, congratulations, and in a single the survival odds are in your favor. Helicopter rules that differ from airplane rules, darren. The only time you can use an arfor for alternate requirements is nvfr ifr situations which i dont think are applicable to day vfr.
The weather conditions at the destination airport from 1 hour before your arrival time to 1 hour. Alternate weather minima post by gnieto wed feb 22, 2012 11. Check out the ifr alternate minimums for des moines. Jun 15, 2005 now, other regulations that apply to ifr flight in controlled airspace still apply in uncontrolled airspace. With easy ifr conditions, we fuel plan for an alternate, but we dont expect to go there. For info, the alternate minima is derived by adding 500ft to the height above aerodrome on the appropriate circling minima, and adding 2km to the circling vis. Ifr permits an aircraft to operate in instrument meteorological conditions imc, which is essentially any weather condition less than vmc but in which aircraft can still operate safely. Ifr stock price international frontier resources corp.
Many aircraft manufacturers will publish a minimum icing speed for these instances. It gives students indepth knowledge to fully understand ifr flight. Rules and regulations established by the faa to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. Ifr alternate planning confusion bob taits aviation theory. Table 2 assumed engine failure height above the runway versus rvrvisibility. The most common are strong tailwinds, obstacles, high descent angles andor the final approach segment exceeds 30 degrees from the approach runway. At the estimated time of arrival and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 1,000 feet above the airport elevation, or at least 400 feet above the lowest applicable approach minima, whichever is higher, and the visibility will be at least 2 statute miles. I wont takeoff if its below 200ft and 12 mile visibility unless its a really thin layer with an alternate above minimums nearby. Vfr visual flight rules and ifr instrument flight rules cruising altitudes apply for safe flight operations. Car drivers know they have their own side of the road to travel on. In canada, the rule is 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within 5 miles of the aircraft, but this is sometimes higher, too. Pilots fly circling approaches when its not possible to do a straightin approach to the runway after an instrument approach. Approaches are based upon descent angles, manoeuvring area, aircraft speeds, etc. Selecting an alternate airport in canada is a lot more complicated than the us.
Far 91 operations have no landing minimums but according to aircraft and pilot capability the safety of fars 121 and 5 should be followed. Its a good habit and provides protection when the impossible happens. Previous six calendar months instrument experience or aircraft requirements. Aug 28, 2010 pilots must be aware of vfr and ifr cruising altitudes. Ceilings 500 to less than 1,000 feet andor visibility 1 to less than 3 miles. Aerocourse has teamed up with a number of flight schools across canada to offer an indepth ifr ground school. This program provides the student with more than an examination prep overview. Why is this the case for just these approaches, whereas local weather is required to be available for the gps rnav approaches.
Ensure that all appropriate charts are included that are necessary for navigation. There is sometimes confusion with becmg, tempo and prob in regards to ifr alternates. Quite frankly i have never heard of a no alternate ifr here. Appendix b suitable enroute alternate aerodromes transports. However, to descend to an airport below controlled airport, the pilot can request to operate at moca and make. In new zealand, the ifr alternate minima is specified in part 91. When filing an ifr flight plan, part of the process is determining whether or not an alternate airport is required. There is even a yellow line separating the two sides of the road. Alternates are based on the tafttf not the metar or arfor. This video explains all about the approach ban in canada. Here we plan to the destination and then to the most distant alternate if the first is marginal plus 45 minutes reserve and throw in some holding and perhaps contingency fuel.
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