As choices are made on sources of fuel for fcvs it is important to consider the life cycle implications of each option or system. Methodology and default values are often standardized within a certain regulatory context, such as the eu renewable energy directive red and us renewable fuel standard rfs. Home fuelcycle analysis of hydrogenpowered fuelcell systems with the greet model. World energy council comparison of energy systems using life cycle assessment 5 0 200 400 600 800 coal fgd, scr natural gas cc lownox scr nat. Lifecycle analysis, sometimes referred to as fuel cycle or welltowheel analysis, is used to assess the overall greenhouse gas ghg impacts of a fuel, including each stage of its production and use.
The interest in pefc applications is rapidly growing, especially because of the commitment of automobile manufacturers to develop fuel cell driven cars. The documentation for the greet model is extensive and is accessible through the anl website. In transportation, it can be used directly as a fuel in fuel cells, reacted with co 2 to create synthetic fuels, or used to upgrade crude oil or biobased oils. Life cycle analysis and the fuel cell car 2000011485 many automotive manufacturers have announced their intention to launch fuel cell powered cars in the next few years. The appropriate instrument for this task is life cycle assessment lca. For instance, in the case of a manufactured product, environmental impacts are assessed from raw material. Key life cycle assessment numbers for nh3, green and brown. Life cycle assessment methodology is used to identify and quantify environmental impacts in global warming potential, human toxicity and abiotic depletion categories of each method during the life cycle of the systems. These impacts are mainly caused by the platinum group metals for the catalyst and, to a lesser degree, the materials and energy for the flow field plates. This paper investigates the production process of polymer electrolyte fuel cell pefc stacks, identifies the ecological contributions of various components and materials and compares the results with impacts due to utilization of the stacks in a vehicle i. An lca is a comprehensive method for assessing a range of environmental impacts across the full life cycle of a product system, from materials acquisition to manufacturing, use, and final. The best known in the international leading lca software simapro. This chapter presents lcas of fuel cells in mobile and stationary applications with different fuel options and compares them to conventional power train or plant options focusing on different environmental aspects, such as use of resources, global warming, acidification.
The life cycle impact assessment was carried out using the lca software. Integrated life cycle assessment and activity based life. In evaluating fuel vehicle options with the potential to improve the greenness of cars diesel direct injection and ethanol in internal combustion engines, batterypowered, gasoline hybrid electric, and hydrogen fuel cells, we find no option dominates the other. Lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions under the. Department of energy, fuel cell technologies office, is gratefully acknowledged. Life cycle assessment or life cycle assessment lca, also known as life cycle analysis is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. This reality is especially true when the analysis concerns new technologies. A life cycle assessment of the purecell tm stationary fuel. This includes all environmental impacts during raw materials production, production, usage, transport, product disposal and associated upstream and downstream processes, such as the production of raw materials, additives and consumables. Role of hydrogen tanks in the life cycle assessment of fuel cellbased auxiliary. Life cycle assessment lca will always involve some subjectivity and uncertainty. Life cycle assessment of fuel cell vehicles considering.
Jul 15, 2015 are fuel cells environmentally friendly. New markets for hydrogen as a fuel are opening up for fuel cell vehicles cars, buses, trucks, and trains and fuel cells used in stationary power generation, emergency backup power. Life cycle assessment of a hydrogenbased uninterruptible power supply system using renewable energy. A life cycle assessment of hydrogen and gasoline vehicles, including fuel production and utilization in vehicles powered by fuel cells and internal combustion engines, is conducted to evaluate and. Life cycle analysis of electric heavy duty vehicles. For instance, in the case of a manufactured product, environmental impacts are assessed from raw material extraction and processing cradle, through the. This presentation by michael wang of argonne national laboratory provides information about an analysis of hydrogenpowered fuel cell systems. In north america, the athena impact estimator for buildings is the only free software tool that is designed to evaluate whole buildings and assemblies based on internationally recognized life cycle assessment lca methodology. Evaluations are based on the assumption that each vehicle travels 100,000 km over a 10year period under the jc08 test cycle. The greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation model by argonne national laboratory. A fuel cell is an energy transforming appliance that changes the gas chemical energy directly to electric. Carbs team performed a complete life cycle analysis lca on the system and determined that it has a negative carbon intensity, as the power and hydrogen generation process is carbonneutral due to the use of renewable biogas and the fuel cell waste heat is used to feed the internal reformation reactions.
Conduct lifecycle analysis of hydrogen and petroleum infrastructure build up. Published studies assessing the life cycle assessment of fuel cell electric vehicles are mainly based on the greet. A full life cycle assessment covers several impact categories such as potential for global warming, acidification and toxicity, using a cradletograve perspective including everything from acquisition of raw material, production, assembly, distribution, transports, use and endof life treatment. During normal operation, a hydrogen fuel cell makes very efficient use of energy. The production of fuel cell stacks leads to environmental impacts which cannot be neglected compared to the utilization of the stacks in a vehicle the actual driving process. The worlds leading, high performance, open source life cycle assessment software. The earlier software prototype and beta version was developed in association with transportation engineers at morrison hershfield, and was funded by environment canada. Design for the environment lifecycle assessments safer. Proceedings of the asme 2004 2nd international conference on fuel cell science, engineering and technology. Deee0005250 battelle january 2017 iii acknowledgments funding for and support of this work by the u. This has led to large research budgets aimed at new or emerging technologies. The considered pem fuel cell was constituted by metallic end and flow field bipolar plates. Life cycle environmental activities for nextgeneration. Lifecycle assessment or life cycle assessment lca, also known as life cycle analysis is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service.
Lifecycle assessment of a hydrogenbased uninterruptible power. This work conducts the life cycle assessment of toyota mirai with all major components considered in a chinese context. A power cycle based on gasification of solid fuel and sofcs is called an integrated gasification fuel cell igfc cycle. A lifecycle assessment is a systematic analysis of a products environmental impact during its entire life cycle. The focus of the study lies on electric vehicles powered by batteries and fuel cells. Hfcs range in efficiency based on technology, but pemfcs can reach 4060%, as previously mentioned. Fuel life cycle analysis life cycle associates, llc.
A comparison between life cycle assessment of an mcfc system, an lfgmcfc system, and traditional energy conversion systems. This vehicle, unlike its rivals with combustion engines or electric batteries, runs solely on hydrogen. For this, a mathematical model was established to evaluate the fuel cycle of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the life cycle of the four schemes. Most gasoline powered engines lose most of their energy to heat, yielding only 2040% efficiency depending on engine technology ingram. Clearcell power energy solutions are engineered to meet the needs of the market where, when, and how its needed.
This joint undertaking receives support from the european union s horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and. The copperchlorine thermochemical cycle is considered, and the environmental impacts of the nuclear and thermochemical plants are assessed. Aug 28, 2014 for the assessment and comparison of the environmental impacts, the life cycle assessment lca method was applied, while numerical models for individual components of the ups systems electrolyser, storage tank, fuel cell and ice were developed using gabi software. Life cycle assessment of fuel cell vehicles considering the. Pavement lca overview life cycle assessment software. Currently, more than thirty software packages exist to perform lca analysis. The national renewable energy laboratory has performed a life cycle assessment on a renewable hydrogen production process which employs windelectrolysis. A life cycle assessment is a way to analyze the environmental.
Manufacturing cost analysis of 1, 5, 10 and 25 kw fuel cell. Fuel cycle analysis of hydrogenpowered fuelcell systems with the greet model this presentation by michael wang of argonne national laboratory provides information about an analysis of hydrogenpowered fuelcell systems. Fuel life cycle analysis lca is a technique that allows you to quantify the potential impacts to the environment from all aspects of a fuel s life. Get started with one click lca and learn all you need in order to calculate environmental impacts with our life cycle assessment software help center. The total carbon foot print of the fuel is obtained by adding all these emissions together in a life cycle assessment lca approach. Life cycle assessment is a useful instrument to evaluate the ecological performance of innovative energy systems. Realistic simulation of fuel economy and life cycle. This paper shows a life cycle analysis of different potential fuels and powertrains for passenger cars. A life cycle assessment of the purecell stationary fuel cell system.
The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact differences of four types of vehicles on a life cycle assessment lca perspective. Now esuservices offers several software tools for the calculation of life cycle assessment, carbon footprint or other indicators. Provide lifecycle results for does fuel cell technologies fct program activities such as the multiyear research, development, and demonstration plan. Life cycle of pemfuel cell automobile not only includes operation of the vehicle on the road but also include production and distribution of.
The required energy for the systems are utilized from various resources namely hydropower, nuclear, biomass and municipal waste. To determine the environmental impact of the various products a comparing life cycle assessment, lca, is made. Comparing life cycle assessment of liion batteries and fuel. A life cycle assessment lca of an alkaline fuel cell based domestic combined heat and power chp system is presented. For fuel cells, this implies that the lca of producing the systems will be of higher importance.
Lifecycle analysis of vehicle and fuel systems with the. Integrated environmental and economic assessment of current and future fuel cell vehicles. Scms school of engineering and technology, ernakulam, kerala, india. For instance, the guidelines provided in these documents. Integrated life cycle assessment and activity based life cycle costing approach for an automotive product m. Therefore, a life cycle assessment lca of pefc seems appropriate to evaluate the whole system. Lifecycle assessment of fuel cell stacks sciencedirect. Miotti, marco, johannes hofer, and christian bauer. Life cycle assessment is a methodological framework defined in the din iso 1404044 to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a products life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. Life cycle analysis of electric heavy duty lca and lcc. Extended abstract fuel cells seem to constitute one of the most essential solutions in the enormous environmental problem that our planet faces. Life cycle assessment of renewable hydrogen production via.
The two key elements of lca are the assessment of the total life cycle cradletograve approach, involving the exploration of materials. The software that was used to model the purecell system lca is simapro 6. All life cycles including both the vehicle cycle especially the scrap recycling stage and the fuel cycle are included in this work. Life cycle assessment of a polymer electrolyte membrane. Vielstich w, lamm a, gasteiger ha eds handbook of fuels cells fundamentals, technology and applications. The argonne national laboratorys systems assessment center is pleased to announce the 2019 release of the suite of greet models. Life cycle analysis of vehicle and fuel systems with the greet model michael wang, amgad elgowainy, jeongwoo han, hao cai argonne national laboratory. Dealing with uncertainty can generate richer information and minimize some of the result mismatches currently encountered in the literature. Gabi software generic databases and literature data. Fuel cell hybrid vehicle life cycle analysis abstract a small. Pdf life cycle analysis of fuel cell technology researchgate. Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production using nuclear.
Life cycle assessment of a metallic type pem fuel cell. In gabi ts software databases dbses as ecoinvent and gabi. The need for energy is the same, but how and where its used is different. It also includes all the chemicals and energy that go into making a product, and what it takes to make those. However, little attention has been paid to the life cycle assessment of an fcv from the perspective of the detailed vehicle components. At first the cumulative energy demand ced is introduced as an instrument to compare the different technologies. Environmental performances of solidstate h2 storage similar to pressure tanks.
Life cycle assessment lca is an analytical tool to assist making. Life cycle assessment of fuel cell systems germany citeseerx. Life cycle inventory data for the pem fuel cell are compiled specifically for this study. Toyota uses a comprehensive evaluation technique called lca life cycle assessment, whereby a vehicles impact on the environment is measured at all stages, from resource extraction to disposal and recycling. Besides, the methodological framework needs to go beyond the outcomes provided by the fchyguide guidance documents 91 already established by the fch 2 ju projects hyguide and h2fclca in 2011 regarding the life cycle assessment lca of fuel cell and hydrogen fch systems. Life cycle environmental and economic impact assessment of. Comparative environmental assessment of conventional. A valid comparison of future technologies for passenger cars must be based on life cycle analysis for the total system, which includes assessment of fuel and vehicle manufacture and distribution in addition to assessment of vehicle performance on the road. Fy 2018 annual progress report 1 doe hydrogen and fuel cells program. Life cycle value assessment lcva of fuel supply options for fuel cell vehicles 20030104 the fuel cell vehicle fcv has the potential to revolutionize the worlds transportation systems. In detail, the work aims to define the environmental burden related to the production of the pem proton exchange membrane cells using the life cycle assessment lca methodology. Lifecycle assessment of a hydrogenbased uninterruptible. Lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from. The sustainability assessment was performed for selected fuels, including diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, biodiesel, ethanol, hydrogen, fuel cell and electricity, using simapro 8.
A life cycle assessment of nuclearbased hydrogen production using thermochemical water splitting is conducted. A complete understanding of environmental impacts associated with fuel cell during its entire life cycle, starting from extraction of fuel, through manufacturing, operation and ultimately to the disposal stage is greatly required. A comparison between life cycle assessment of an mcfc. Integrated environmental and economic assessment of. Fast and reliable calculation of your sustainability assessment andor life cycle assessment.
Pdf role of hydrogen tanks in the life cycle assessment. Ally, jamie 2015 life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of hydrogen fuel cell, natural gas, and diesel bus transportation systems in western australia. Toyota mirai, which currently represents the most advanced level of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, was considered as the evaluation object, and the basic database of gabi software was utilized to. A life cycle assessment lca is a tool that can be used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a product, material, process, or activity. Lifecycle value assessment lcva of fuel supply options for. Fuel life cycle analysis lca is a technique that allows you to quantify the potential impacts to the environment from all aspects of a fuels life. This is the technology assessment of a 2017 toyota mirai fuel cell fc vehicle using a chassis dynamometer in a controlled laboratory environment and indepth instrumentation. Abstract this paper provides a preliminary life cycle assessment lca of polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cell powered automobile. The international journal of life cycle assessment 2015. This presentation by michael wang of argonne national laboratory provides information about an analysis of hydrogenpowered fuelcell systems. Life cycle assessment lca is a systematic analytical method that helps identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a specific process or competing processes.
It also includes all the chemicals and energy that go into making a. Life cycle assessment of an alkaline fuel cell chp system. The athena pavement lca tool is an lcabased software package that makes life cycle assessment data easily accessible to roadway decisionmakers. Through the fuel cells life cycle assessment, or an assessment of all the products environmental impacts from its initial materials to its production, to its disposal, it is shown that some aspects of the fuel cell are not sustainable. A life cycle analysis lca framework can be used to assess the environmental impact across the entire product life cycle. Guidance document for performing lcas on fuel cells and h. Life cycle assessment of fuel cell systems researchgate. Life cycle analysis of battery and fuel cell vehicles. Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of hydrogen.
Life cycle assessment harmonization energy analysis nrel. Numerous studies concerning the life cycle assessment of fuel cell vehicles fcvs. This paper presents a life cycle analysis for these vehicles in terms of energy consumption and co 2. Fuelcycle analysis of hydrogenpowered fuelcell systems. A life cycle analysis of a hydrogen fuel cell was performed to examine the major environmental impacts of such an engine in comparison with an internal combustion engine. Life cycle environmental impacts of a smartphone ericsson. For fuel cells, this implies that the lca of producing the systems will be of higher. Besides there are also simplified tools for different purposes described on the sub pages to this site. Numerous studies concerning the life cycle assessment of fuel cell vehicles fcvs have been conducted. Life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell and gasoline. Life cycle assessment of fuel cells and relevant fuel chains. Comparing life cycle assessment of liion batteries and.
Life cycle assessment lca is a tool for the assessment. For this purpose, the production, utilization and recycling of pefc was investigated. A life cycle assessment of hydrogen and gasoline vehicles, including fuel production and utilization in vehicles powered by fuel cells and internal combustion engines, is conducted to evaluate and compare their efficiencies and environmental impacts. For fossil fuels, in addition to combustion, emissions are associated with crude oil extraction and refining, as well as final fuel transport and distribution. Epas lifecycle analysis includes significant indirect emissions as required by the clean air act. The tool includes a limited number of measures to limit the. Lifecycle analysis of vehicle and fuel systems with the greet. A vehiclefocused life cycle analysis in 2017, car manufacturer toyota released the mirai. Department of production engineering, national institute of technology, tiruchirappalli, 620 015, india. Fuel cell hybrid taxi life cycle analysis seeds4green. Conduct lifecycle analysis of hydrogen and petroleum. Life cycle assessment of fuel cells the appropriate instrument to investigate environmental impacts of new products and services is the life cycle assessment lca. Fuel cycle analysis of hydrogenpowered fuel cell systems with the greet model department of energy.
Critical materials in pemfc systems and a lca analysis for the. Providing a guide for environmental improvement jaap van rooijen report no. A complete understanding of environmental impacts associated with fuel cell during its entire life cycle, starting from extraction of fuel, through manufacturing, operation and ultimately to the. Life cycle assessment lca of future energy systems lca is a tool for the assessment of potential environmental impacts of products and services along the whole life cycle cradletograve approach, from the exploration of materials and fuels to the production of the investigated objects and the disposalrecycling of the objects. The analysis was performed with the help of the ces cambridge engineering selector software and all data where implemented in the boustead model to calculate the environmental load for the production of a 1kw fuel cell with a life cycle perspective. Lifecycle analysis of vehicle and fuel systems with the greet model michael wang, amgad elgowainy, jeongwoo han, hao cai argonne national laboratory. Summary the present work contributes an engineered life cycle assessment lca of hydrogen fuel cell passenger vehicles based on a real.
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